
Current and former U.S. military pilots may qualify for FAA pilot certificates and ratings based on their military flight training and experience under 14 CFR § 61.73. Depending on their military qualifications and documentation, eligible applicants may obtain Commercial Pilot Certificates, Instrument Ratings, Aircraft Type Ratings, and, for qualified military instructor pilots and military pilot examiners, Flight Instructor Certificates without completing an FAA Practical Test.
Eligible current and former U.S. military pilots may qualify for one or more of the following FAA certificates and ratings under 14 CFR § 61.73:
Eligibility for each certificate or rating depends on the applicant meeting the applicable requirements of 14 CFR § 61.73 and providing acceptable military documentation.
No. Military competency applicants receive FAA certificates and ratings based on qualifying military training, successful completion of the required FAA Airman Knowledge Test(s), when applicable, and verification of official U.S. military records. My role is to verify your eligibility under 14 CFR § 61.73, review your documentation, process your application through IACRA, and issue your Temporary Airman Certificate. No FAA Practical Test is required.
Commercial Pilot Certificates (§ 61.73 (b))
To qualify for an FAA Commercial Pilot Certificate, you must:
Instrument Ratings (§ 61.73 (d))
To qualify for an Instrument Rating, you must:
Flight Instructor Certificates (§ 61.73 (g))
To qualify for an FAA Flight Instructor Certificate under the military competency provisions, you must:
U.S. Air Force
U.S. Army
U.S. Coast Guard
U.S. Navy / U.S. Marines

Pilots who hold a pilot license issued by an ICAO Contracting State may be eligible for an FAA Private Pilot Certificate issued on the basis of their foreign pilot license under 14 CFR § 61.75. This certificate allows qualified foreign pilots to exercise private pilot privileges in U.S.-registered aircraft based on their foreign pilot license. Applicants who hold instrument privileges on their foreign pilot license may also be eligible for an FAA Instrument Rating.
Applicants seeking an FAA Commercial Pilot Certificate or Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) Certificate must satisfy all applicable training, experience, knowledge, and practical test requirements under 14 CFR Part 61. These certificates are not issued on the basis of a foreign pilot license.
No. Applicants seeking an FAA Private Pilot Certificate issued under 14 CFR § 61.75 are not required to complete an FAA Practical Test. My role is to verify your eligibility, review your documentation, process your application through IACRA, and issue your Temporary Airman Certificate once all FAA requirements have been satisfied.
Applicants seeking an FAA Commercial Pilot Certificate or Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) Certificate must successfully complete the appropriate FAA Practical Test after meeting all applicable eligibility, training, experience, and knowledge requirements.
To qualify for an FAA Private Pilot Certificate issued on the basis of a foreign pilot license, you must:
Note: If you intend to rely on your foreign medical certificate instead of an FAA Medical Certificate, include it as part of your FAA Verification of Authenticity request so it can be verified by your Civil Aviation Authority.
If your foreign pilot license includes instrument privileges and you wish to obtain an FAA Instrument Rating issued under 14 CFR § 61.75, you must meet the applicable requirements of § 61.75(d):
No FAA Practical Test is required for issuance of an Instrument Rating issued under 14 CFR § 61.75.
Note: Most applicants seeking an FAA Instrument Rating under 14 CFR § 61.75 will take the Instrument Rating Foreign Pilot via Non-BASA (IFP) Airman Knowledge Test. If your pilot certificate was issued by a country operating under a Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement (BASA), different knowledge testing requirements may apply. Please contact me before scheduling your appointment if you are unsure which knowledge test applies to your situation.
Applicants seeking an FAA Commercial Pilot Certificate or Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) Certificate on the basis of foreign flight experience must meet all applicable requirements of 14 CFR Part 61. This generally includes:
Note: Because the applicable certification requirements vary based on your existing certificates, ratings, flight experience, and country of issuance, I recommend contacting me before beginning the certification process so we can discuss the appropriate certification pathway.

Flight instructors must establish recent experience every 24 calendar months in accordance with 14 CFR § 61.197 before exercising the privileges of a Flight Instructor Certificate. Depending on your certificate status and eligibility, this may involve renewal or the reestablishment of recent experience. I am authorized to process Flight Instructor Certificate renewal and recent experience applications for eligible instructors.
If you are no longer eligible to renew or reestablish recent experience through the administrative processes authorized by 14 CFR § 61.197, you may be required to complete a Flight Instructor Practical Test. If you are unsure of your eligibility, please contact me before scheduling an appointment.
No. Flight Instructor Certificate renewal and recent experience applications processed under 14 CFR § 61.197 do not require an FAA Practical Test. My role is to verify your eligibility, review your documentation, process your application through IACRA, and issue your Temporary Airman Certificate, when applicable.
To qualify for administrative processing under 14 CFR § 61.197, you must hold a Flight Instructor Certificate and satisfy one of the applicable recent experience or renewal requirements prescribed by the regulation.
Not every Flight Instructor Certificate may be renewed through an administrative certification action. Depending on your certificate status and the amount of time that has elapsed since your recent experience period ended, you may instead be required to complete a Flight Instructor Practical Test.
If you are uncertain whether you qualify for administrative processing under 14 CFR § 61.197, please contact me before scheduling an appointment. I will be happy to review your circumstances and help determine the appropriate certification pathway.
Note: I am only authorized to process administrative Flight Instructor renewal and recent experience applications that fall within the authority granted by my FAA designation.

Ground Instructor Certificates are issued under 14 CFR Part 61, Subpart I. These certificates authorize qualified individuals to provide ground instruction for pilot certificates, ratings, endorsements, and knowledge test preparation. Depending on the rating held, Ground Instructors may provide ground instruction for pilot and instructor applicants without holding a Flight Instructor Certificate.
Basic Ground Instructor (BGI)
Authorizes ground instruction for applicants seeking:
Advanced Ground Instructor (AGI)
Authorizes ground instruction for applicants seeking any pilot certificate or rating except an Instrument Rating.
Instrument Ground Instructor (IGI)
Authorizes ground instruction for applicants seeking an Instrument Rating.
No. Ground Instructor Certificates are issued based on eligibility and successful completion of the required FAA Airman Knowledge Test(s). No FAA Practical Test is required. My role is to verify your eligibility, review your documentation, process your application through IACRA, and issue your Temporary Airman Certificate.
To qualify for a Ground Instructor Certificate, you must:
Note: If you are unable to meet the English language requirements because of a medical condition, the FAA may issue a Ground Instructor Certificate with appropriate operating limitations.

The FAA issues Remote Pilot Certificates with a Small UAS Rating under 14 CFR Part 107. The application process depends on whether you already hold an FAA pilot certificate issued under 14 CFR Part 61. Existing Part 61 pilots follow one certification pathway, while first-time Remote Pilot applicants follow another.
Existing FAA Part 61 Pilots
First-Time Remote Pilot Applicants
No. Neither certification pathway requires an FAA Practical Test.
For applicants who schedule an appointment with me, my role is to verify your identity and eligibility, review your documentation, and process your application through IACRA.
First-time applicants who have passed the UAG Airman Knowledge Test may also choose to submit their application directly through IACRA without meeting with a certifying official.
If you already hold an FAA pilot certificate issued under 14 CFR Part 61 (other than a Student Pilot Certificate), you may qualify for a Remote Pilot Certificate without taking the Unmanned Aircraft General – Small (UAG) Airman Knowledge Test.
To qualify, you must:
Required Documentation for Our Appointment
Note: Appointments for eligible Part 61 pilot applicants may be conducted remotely in accordance with current FAA policy, subject to identity verification and technology requirements.
Next Steps
Eligibility Requirements (14 CFR § 107.61)
To qualify, you must:
Note: If you are unable to meet the English language requirements because of a medical condition, the FAA may issue a certificate with appropriate operating limitations.
Required Documentation for Our Appointment
Next Steps

Pilots who have completed the qualification requirements of 14 CFR § 61.55 may apply to have Second-in-Command (SIC) privileges placed on their FAA pilot certificate. This administrative certification action documents eligibility to serve as SIC in aircraft that require more than one pilot.
No. Issuance of Second-in-Command (SIC) privileges under 14 CFR § 61.55 does not require an FAA Practical Test. My role is to verify your eligibility, review your documentation, process your application through IACRA, and issue your Temporary Airman Certificate.
To qualify for an SIC Privileges Only type rating, you must:

Certain limitations placed on an FAA pilot certificate may be removed after the applicant satisfies the applicable regulatory requirements. Depending on the limitation involved, removal may be accomplished through an administrative certification action, an FAA Practical Test, or another FAA certification process. Because the applicable procedures vary, I recommend contacting me before scheduling an appointment.
It depends. Some certificate limitations may be removed through an administrative certification action after I verify your eligibility and documentation. Other limitations require an FAA Practical Test or another FAA certification process before they may be removed.
Examples of limitations that may be eligible for removal include:
This list is provided as a general example and is not all-inclusive. The eligibility requirements and method of removal vary depending on the specific limitation.
To qualify for removal of a pilot certificate limitation, you must:
Note: I am only authorized to remove limitations from certificates and ratings that fall within my FAA designation. If your limitation requires a certification action outside my authority, I will gladly help direct you to the appropriate FAA office or Designated Pilot Examiner.

Becoming a pilot is a rewarding journey that requires commitment, training, and discipline. Whether your goal is to pursue aviation as a career or to fly for personal enjoyment, obtaining a Student Pilot Certificate is one of the first steps in the certification process.
A Student Pilot Certificate is required before you may act as the pilot in command of an aircraft during solo flight. While your flight training may begin before you receive your certificate, you must hold a Student Pilot Certificate before your instructor can authorize you to solo.
As an FAA Designated Pilot Examiner (DPE), I am authorized to verify your identity, review your application, and process your application through IACRA. Once your application has been processed and all FAA requirements have been satisfied, your Student Pilot Certificate will be issued through IACRA.
Usually, no.
Most applicants obtain their Student Pilot Certificate through their flight instructor (CFI) as part of their initial flight training. FAA-certificated flight instructors, Designated Pilot Examiners (DPEs), FAA Flight Standards District Offices (FSDOs), and other authorized FAA representatives may all verify your identity and process your application.
If your instructor is unable to process your application, or if you would simply prefer my assistance, I am happy to help verify your identity and eligibility, review your documentation, and process your application through IACRA.
No FAA Practical Test or Airman Knowledge Test is required.
To qualify for a Student Pilot Certificate, you must:
Note: If you are unable to meet one of the English language requirements because of a medical condition, the FAA may issue a Student Pilot Certificate with appropriate operating limitations.
I accept cash (USD) or Zelle.and cashier's check only. I do not accept any other payment methods such as Venmo, Paypal, credit cards or personal checks.
I am unable to travel to applicants locations to complete Administrative Actions. All sessions must be scheduled in advance, and the location will be predetermined based on the availability of both the applicant and myself.
IACRA is the preferred application method of both the FAA and me. It is generally easier to use, faster to process, and less likely to result in an application being returned for correction. I charge a $100 paper application fee for the preparation and submission of FAA Form 8710-1 on paper. The fee covers the additional administrative time required to process the application and mail it to the FAA by certified mail.
There will be no paper application fee if internet connectivity problems or an IACRA system outage require us to use a paper application.
All fees are charged per application unless otherwise noted.
Fees are subject to change without notice. Please verify the fee prior to arrival. All fees are due prior to the start of the practical test or administrative certification service unless otherwise arranged.
Joe Keller
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Copyright © 2026 Joseph Keller - All Rights Reserved.
The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Federal Aviation Administration.
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